RESUMO
Backgrounds and Objectives: Urethral catheter is used for about 15 to 20% of hospitalized patients during their short-term hospitals stay which can predispose them to urinary tract infection [UTI]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and type of UTI in patients with urethral catheter at urology ward and role of antibiotic in the prevention of catheter related UTI
Materials and Methods: From October 2012 to March 2013, all catheterized patients in urology department of Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were enrolled to this cross sectional study. Urine culture was detected from one hundred patients before catheterization and 1, 3 and 7 days after catheterization and urine-analysis with urine culture were performed for all samples
Results: 100 patients [95 male and 5 female] with folly urethral catheter in post urology operation were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 67.04 +/- 9.29 years. Mean hospitalization duration was 7.05 +/- 0.97 day. Mean negative culture period of patients was 2.90 +/- 1.99 days. Urinary culture was positive in 20% of the patients. A second and third urinary culture was positive in 5% and 6% of patients, respectively. E. coli was isolated from 30%, 60% and 66.7% of the samples on first, second and third days, respectively
Conclusion: Prevalence rate of positive urinary culture was increased in patients with urethral catheter. E.coli was the most common isolated organism. Therefore, an appropriate antibiotic therapy should be used for the hospitalized patients. Unnecessary catheterization should be avoided and the health professionals have to follow the recommendations of the catheterization guidelines
RESUMO
Anti-sperm antibody [ASA] can decrease sperm motility and, therefore, it is a cause of male infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of varicocelectomy on anti-sperm antibody in patients with varicocele. This observational study was conducted on 90 patients with varicocele at Sina and Imam Khomeini hospitals during 2006 to 2009. All varicocelectomy candidates were selected for ASA assessment both in semen and serum before and after surgery. ASA level was measured using a direct method for semen and an indirect method of Sperm MAR test, for serum. Paired t-test and McNemar's test were used for data analysis, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. ASA level in semen was 13.7% before, and 15.7% after three month of varicocelectomy [p=0.881]. Serum level of ASA before and after surgery were 13.6% and 21.7%, respectively [p=0.033]. Three parameters including sperm count, motility and morphology showed recovery following, varicocelectomy, but only the difference in sperm motility was significant [p<0.05]. This study showed that varicocelectomy has no effect on semen ASA. Although serum antibody has been shown to increase after varicocelectomy but sperm motility will improve. Varicocelectomy seems to have a beneficial effect on semen parameters in infertile men with varicocele